TS-074823 — Magnetic gears offer compelling advantages over mechanical gearboxes (contactless torque transfer, reduced maintenance, and improved reliability) but widespread adoption has been limited by efficiency losses. A major contributor is “end-effect” loss, where magnetic flux leaks at the axial ends…

TS-074822 — Personal protective equipment (PPE) remains predominantly passive, relying on material strength to absorb or deflect impacts after they occur. This approach is insufficient in high-risk environments where fast-moving debris, tool fragments, or ballistic threats can cause severe injury before mitig…

TS-074813 — Thermoelectric technologies offer a compelling route for waste heat recovery, solid-state cooling, and power generation, but their adoption remains limited by inherently low efficiency. Conventional materials are constrained by tradeoffs between electrical conductivity, thermopower, and thermal co…

TS-074793 — Sustainable production of advanced biofuels and biochemicals remains constrained by low yields, poor carbon efficiency, and limited scalability of current microbial platforms. In particular, biobutanol has struggled to achieve cost competitiveness due to inefficient carbon utilization and metabol…

TS-074779 — Myopia is rapidly increasing worldwide and is now recognized as a leading cause of irreversible vision impairment due to associated complications such as retinal degeneration, glaucoma, and structural eye changes. Despite this growing burden, clinicians lack practical tools to assess structural ch…

TS-074726 — Potassium-based batteries are attractive for large-scale energy storage due to potassium’s abundance and favorable electrochemical properties. However, commercial development is limited by the lack of suitable solid electrolytes that combine high potassium-ion conductivity, chemical stability wi…

TS-074717 — Advanced RF and microwave devices increasingly operate under highly dynamic, pulsed, and modulated conditions that expose complex transient behavior. Existing nonlinear measurement tools are largely optimized for steady-state or strictly repetitive signals, limiting insight into how devices evolve…

TS-074715 — Next‑generation power electronics require devices that can operate efficiently under high voltages, high currents, and harsh environments while maintaining fast, reliable switching. Existing electrically gated solutions in wide and ultra‑wide bandgap semiconductors face tradeoffs among robustn…

TS-074623 — The construction industry faces growing pressure to reduce the carbon footprint of cement while maintaining performance, durability, and reliable supply chains. Traditional supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash and blast furnace slag are increasingly scarce or regionally cons…

TS-074573 — Vehicle manufacturers continue to pursue aerodynamic improvements to meet fuel efficiency, emissions, and range targets. Open or partially open wheel wells remain a persistent source of aerodynamic drag, noise, and efficiency loss. Traditional fixed fender skirts improve aerodynamics but cannot ac…

TS-074525 — Many advanced electronic, sensing, and optical devices rely on high‑quality thin films, yet manufacturing uniform, defect‑free films over large areas remains challenging. Conventional solution‑based approaches often result in rough, cracked, or non‑uniform coatings, while vacuum‑based de…

TS-074512 — Modern diesel and high‑performance internal combustion engines demand pistons that withstand extreme thermal and mechanical loads while becoming lighter, more fuel‑efficient, and lower cost to manufacture. Steel pistons offer durability advantages over aluminum but are traditionally heavy and …

TS-074467 — Many emerging applications in communications, sensing, and imaging require detectors that can operate with high sensitivity at infrared wavelengths where silicon alone performs poorly. Existing infrared detector technologies often involve trade‑offs between sensitivity, noise, manufacturability,…

TS-074441 — Chemical looping gasification and combustion are promising pathways for low‑carbon energy conversion, CO₂ capture, and syngas production, but their commercial deployment is constrained by the performance of available oxygen carrier materials. Existing metal oxide oxygen carriers often suffer f…

TS-074433 — Researchers and organizations studying polar and marine environments increasingly rely on ice cores to understand climate processes, contaminant transport, and biogeochemical change. However, existing ice core processing tools are largely optimized for relatively clean, homogeneous samples and str…

TS-074383 — Many advanced sensing, imaging, and optoelectronic systems rely on compound semiconductors that outperform silicon in key spectral and electronic regimes, particularly in the infrared. However, these materials are expensive and difficult to scale, while silicon remains the industry standard for hi…

TS-074364 — Senior executives struggle to understand and prioritize cybersecurity risk in business terms. Existing vulnerability scoring systems rely on opaque or arbitrary measures that fail to connect cybersecurity decisions to financial impact, staffing costs, or operational tradeoffs. As a result, organiz…

TS-074344 — Air conditioning is a major driver of global electricity demand, peak load stress, and greenhouse gas emissions, particularly in hot and humid climates. Conventional vapor-compression systems rely on electricity-intensive compressors, struggle with efficient humidity control, and are poorly matche…

TS-074333 — Chemical batteries provide high power output but are constrained by finite stored energy and the need for periodic recharging. This is often impossible in remote, sealed, or radiation‑intensive environments such as space systems, subsea platforms, and isolated terrestrial installations. Radiovol…

TS-074297 — Gas turbine systems are typically optimized for a narrow operating point, leading to efficiency penalties during off‑design operation. Existing variable-geometry solutions rely on mechanically actuated components that add complexity, incur performance losses, and face durability challenges in hi…