Chemokines are typically small, secreted molecules that participate in leukocyte trafficking, recruitment, and activation. They also play roles in normal and pathological processes including allergic responses, infectious and autoimmune disease, angiogenesis, inflammation, and tumor growth and met…

While vaccines are commonly used today for a variety of diseases and have proven efficacious for disease prevention, some vaccines do not efficiently activate an immune response. About 10% of vaccinations fail to mount adequate antibody levels to routine vaccinations. Also, many viruses rapidly mu…

Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by Leishmania parasites, spread by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. It is prevalent in the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe and is considered a neglected disease. Over a million people are infected with the parasite yearly, leading to skin sores and i…