Mobile devices with GPS systems are seeing increase in use over the last decade, it is not hard to say that geo‐localization and navigation have become important aspects of our lives. GPS is limited in certain settings where the signal is degraded or blocked such as city centers with high‐rise…

Optical polarization controllers and rotators are necessary components to control optical polarization in bulk bench-scale optics. Current approaches to achieve on-chip polarization control on a chip include asymmetric gratings, waveguides with asymmetric slanted sidewalls, dual core waveguides wi…

Current processes to manufacture flexible, mechanically durable antennas on E-fibers yield non-stretchable prototypes and lack fine print details. The geometric accuracy of printed antennas is less than 1 mm, and the devices are prone to failure due to fatigue and wear from deformation. The antenn…