TS-073553 — Positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) systems increasingly seek alternatives or complements to GNSS due to vulnerability to interference, jamming, and limited performance in challenged environments. While low Earth orbit (LEO) communication satellites offer strong signals and favorable geometr…

TS-073358 — Reliable positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) in GNSS‑denied or disrupted environments remains a critical challenge for defense, transportation, and autonomous systems. While low Earth orbit (LEO) communications satellites offer powerful signals and rapid geometry changes, they are typicall…

TS-073339 — Positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) resilience is increasingly critical as GNSS vulnerabilities become more apparent in contested, denied, or degraded environments. Low Earth orbit (LEO) communication satellites offer a promising alternative PNT source, but their utility is limited by poorly…

TS-073173 — Modern navigation systems increasingly rely on signals of opportunity such as 5G and LEO satellite downlinks, but these signals often lack public reference‑signal specifications, may be dynamic or on‑demand, and can suffer from severe Doppler effects. Conventional receivers cannot reliably acq…