TS-075450 — Safety-critical systems in industries such as energy, aerospace, industrial automation, and advanced manufacturing are becoming increasingly complex, integrating hardware, software, controls, sensors, and communication networks. Existing fault analysis methods are often domain-specific and require…

TS-074793 — Sustainable production of advanced biofuels and biochemicals remains constrained by low yields, poor carbon efficiency, and limited scalability of current microbial platforms. In particular, biobutanol has struggled to achieve cost competitiveness due to inefficient carbon utilization and metabol…

TS-074623 — The construction industry faces growing pressure to reduce the carbon footprint of cement while maintaining performance, durability, and reliable supply chains. Traditional supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as fly ash and blast furnace slag are increasingly scarce or regionally cons…

TS-074441 — Chemical looping gasification and combustion are promising pathways for low‑carbon energy conversion, CO₂ capture, and syngas production, but their commercial deployment is constrained by the performance of available oxygen carrier materials. Existing metal oxide oxygen carriers often suffer f…

TS-074248 — Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions remain a major regulatory and environmental challenge for power generation, industrial combustion, and waste incineration. The dominant abatement technology, selective catalytic reduction (SCR), relies on ammonia or urea, introducing safety, cost, and operational co…

TS-073930 — Many industrial gas–solid reactions, such as ironmaking, chemical looping, and other redox-based processes, are fundamentally constrained by thermodynamic equilibrium in conventional reactor designs. Single-inlet/single-outlet reactors force tradeoffs between gas conversion and solid conversion,…

TS-073219 — Global demand for low‑carbon hydrogen is rising, yet current methods carry efficiency penalties, complex gas clean‑up, and cost and footprint burdens. These drawbacks are amplified when upgrading dilute or variable‑quality feedstocks such as biogas and waste‑derived fuels. Industry needs a…

TS-073184 — Direct air capture (DAC) technologies are essential for meeting global carbon‑reduction goals, yet most current systems remain limited by high energy demand, high cost, and materials with insufficient stability. Traditional solid‑sorbent DAC approaches require significant thermal input for reg…

TS-072579 — The Need Industrial processes that utilize syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) often generate tail gas streams rich in CO₂ and other byproducts. Conventional carbon capture methods, such as acid gas removal units, are highly energy-intensive and reduce overall plant efficiency. There is a critic…

TS-072175 — The Need Modern industrial and energy systems are increasingly complex, making timely fault detection and discrimination critical for safety, reliability, and cost control. Existing fault diagnosis methods often struggle with transient states, require extensive historical data, or lack interpretabil…