TS-073966 — Cities and large campuses struggle to provide cost‑effective, low‑emission mobility for short trips and first/last‑mile connections. Fixed‑route buses are often underutilized in low‑demand areas yet insufficient during peak demand, while single‑vehicle autonomous shuttles lack scalabil…

TS-073942 — Conventional electrochromic devices rely on ion intercalation, electrolyte layers, and complex multilayer stacks, which increase cost, limit durability, slow switching, and raise environmental and safety concerns (particularly due to lithium-containing components). These constraints hinder broader…

TS-073930 — Many industrial gas–solid reactions, such as ironmaking, chemical looping, and other redox-based processes, are fundamentally constrained by thermodynamic equilibrium in conventional reactor designs. Single-inlet/single-outlet reactors force tradeoffs between gas conversion and solid conversion,…

TS-073880 — Industrial CO₂ electroreduction remains limited by high energy input, poor selectivity, and low formation rates of valuable multi‑carbon products. Conventional copper catalysts often favor hydrogen evolution or low‑value C₁ products such as methane, while catalysts that improve selectivity…

TS-073844 — Current communication systems often struggle with efficiency and reliability, especially in noisy environments and varying relay positions. Traditional methods focus on exact message reconstruction, which can be resource-intensive and less effective for real-time applications. There is a growing n…

TS-073842 — In the era of 6G and beyond, efficient and robust communication of multimodal messages (text and images) is critical, especially in resource-constrained environments. Current methods struggle with noise robustness and codeword length, leading to inefficiencies and increased error rates. There is a…

TS-073841 — Current federated learning (FL) systems face significant challenges in efficiently aggregating model updates over wireless networks, especially in environments with diverse data and varying channel conditions. There is a critical need for a solution that enhances bandwidth efficiency, personalizat…

TS-073818 — Autonomous and advanced driver-assistance systems require extensive testing across rare, hazardous, and edge-case scenarios to ensure safety and regulatory readiness. Existing approaches (pure simulation, hardware-in-the-loop, proving grounds, or public-road testing) each suffer from tradeoffs in …

TS-073810 — Next-generation power electronics demand materials that can support ultra-high breakdown voltages, low leakage currents, and scalable manufacturing. While β-Ga₂O₃ is highly attractive for these applications, device performance has been limited by the lack of high-quality, thick drift layers w…

TS-073809 — High-sensitivity detection in the mid-wave and long-wave infrared (MWIR/LWIR) remains constrained by detector noise, limited gain, and manufacturing challenges. While HgCdTe avalanche photodiodes can deliver excellent performance, they suffer from high cost, low yield, and limited manufacturabilit…