In today’s healthcare landscape, increasingly highly pathogenic and multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) strains are replacing traditional methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in both community and hospital settings. The Need The rise of these resilient multi-drug resistant bacteria has …

Non-typhoidal salmonellosis is one of the most significant food-borne diseases, in the United States and globally. There are no vaccines available for human use to prevent this disease, and only broad-spectrum antibiotics available to treat the disease. However, antibiotic resistance is on the ris…

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal parasitic disease transmitted by sandflies. The disease affects millions of people worldwide. Sandflies carrying the promastigote form of the parasite bite a human host, attracting macrophages to the site of the wound. Promastigotes are then phagocytized by the macroph…

While vaccines are commonly used today for a variety of diseases and have proven efficacious for disease prevention, some vaccines do not efficiently activate an immune response. About 10% of vaccinations fail to mount adequate antibody levels to routine vaccinations. Also, many viruses rapidly mu…

Leishmaniasis is an infection caused by Leishmania parasites, spread by the bite of phlebotomine sand flies. It is prevalent in the tropics, subtropics, and southern Europe and is considered a neglected disease. Over a million people are infected with the parasite yearly, leading to skin sores and i…