The Need As interest in cell-based therapies, particularly for cancer treatment, continues to rise, there’s a critical need for therapeutic cells capable of robust proliferation in vivo. Existing methods relying on exogenous cytokines like IL-2 face challenges due to dose-limiting toxicity an…

IL-2 and its receptor IL-2R are known to play multiple roles in shaping the immune response, including both immune activation and tolerance. Expression of intermediate-affinity IL-2 receptors by different immune cell subsets determines cellular sensitivity to IL-2. However, the dynamic interplay bet…

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) results in loss of innervation by the peripheral nerves in tissues such as skin, muscle, heart, and adipose tissue. It is a painful, debilitating disease, that is estimated to affect between 20 and 30 million Americans. The number of Americans affected by PN is likely muc…

Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the principal driver of blindness in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD). Abnormal blood vessel growth beneath the macular leads to retinal damage and severe vision loss. Discovering the involvement of VEGF in the underlying mechanisms driving …

The incidence of obesity and diabetes is skyrocketing, leading to chronic inflammatory conditions such as cardiovascular disease, autoimmune diseases, liver diseases, and cancer. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death across the US and worldwide and affects almost half of all ad…

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors revolutionized cancer immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies targeting PD-1, PD-L1 and CTLA-4 have shown impressive clinical outcomes. The Need Despite their effectiveness, current monoclonal antibody treatments have limitations such as low response ra…

An estimated 20,160 new cases of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and 4,410 deaths were expected in 2022. Current therapies for CLL include the administration of a monoclonal antibody, such as rituximab, an anti-CD20 antibody, to promote clearance of malignant B cells. The Need Current therapies…

The Need Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) remains a significant healthcare challenge with high mortality rates and long-term morbidity. Despite advancements in supportive care, there’s an urgent need for pharmacologic treatments targeting the molecular mechanisms driving ARDS pathog…

In today’s healthcare landscape, increasingly highly pathogenic and multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) strains are replacing traditional methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in both community and hospital settings. The Need The rise of these resilient multi-drug resistant bacteria has …

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of irregular cardiac rhythm (arrhythmia), affecting approximately 3% of the US population. It is a significant risk factor for heart failure, ischemic stroke, and sudden cardiac death. The AF mortality rate is growing globally, and risk factors known …