Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) are a collection of prebiotic fibers made of a chain of galactose sugars of variable length. GOS has been shown to exert some of the most potent and beneficial effects among prebiotic fibers. When added to infant formula, it can change bowel flora to approximate the …

Cell culture in a three-dimensional fluidic-flow microenvironment is critical for long-term cell-based assays. Conducting in vitro research offers an accessible, reproducible, and reliable mode of investigation for therapeutic decisions before work is conducted in vivo. However, because of the com…

Currently, bioethanol is the major biofuel on the market, but recently butanol has gotten attention for its potential as a transportation fuel. It has many characteristics that make it a better fuel source than ethanol: butanol has 25% more Btu per gallon, it's less evaporative/explosive with …

Butanol is generally used as an industrial solvent but can also be blended with gasoline and used as transportation fuel. Butanol is commonly produced using fossil fuels, but it can also be produced from biomass, referred to as biobutanol. Biobutanol is produced from fermentation of the same feeds…

Acetone-Butanol-Ethanol (ABE) Fermentation is one of two methods to produce butanol from biomass feedstocks. Various active enzymes or acids are exposed to a biomass feedstock and subsequently produce primarily acetone, butanol and ethanol. Previous attempts in the industry to use Clostridium stra…