The Need: Conventional electroporation methods often result in low cell viability due to heat generation, especially when working with primary cells. These methods also face challenges with non-specific transport of molecules, high vector integration rates leading to mutagenesis, and inefficacy in …

Histopathology is a cornerstone of tissue analysis used to diagnose many clinical conditions. Many of these diagnoses are based on identifying the presence of specific biomarkers, which can be indicated by colored labels. Currently, only 1-2 markers can be analyzed per slide, reducing accuracy and…

Nanotechnology is a constantly growing field, and has a vast potential to change the world for the better. One of the many things products that the nanotechnology field has given to us is the polymer nanocomposite and their foams. This foam has a greater value than traditional plastic foams, since…

Polypropylene is one of the most commonly used plastic material for consumer packaging. It is also used in many other things, like textiles, stationary, plastic parts, and many other things. When used as packaging, there are a few problems that need to be addressed, and one of them is that it is n…

Superoleophobic surfaces have a number of advantages including anti­fouling, self-cleaning, anti-smudge, and low-drag. These applications are useful in a number of industries including medical, transportation, aerospace, energy, and construction. Current techniques for creating superoleophobic…

Across numerous industries, such as oil and natural gas processing, liquid-repellent surfaces are often essential to product development, or even operational sustainability via equipment maintenance. Current liquid repellents are optimized to protect against all liquids, including oil and water (s…

Materials with a coating that repels both water and oil would be advantageous across a wide variety of industries and products. Benefits of this kind of coating could include anti­fouling, self-cleaning, and anti­smudging capabilities. While modern clear coats and paints do offer protectio…

Fructose is a key compound in the food and fermentation industries that is typically produced via the enzymatic isomerization of glucose. The enzymes used to efficiently convert glucose to fructose are expensive to manufacture and sensitive to processing conditions. An alternative approach is to d…

Trends in home automation, wearable electronics, and autonomous vehicles have created networked ecosystems, in which computers coexist and play a critical role. In these ecosystems, sensors provide necessary inputs to monitor the environment and take situation-specific action. Currently, sensors a…

Current processes to manufacture flexible, mechanically durable antennas on E-fibers yield non-stretchable prototypes and lack fine print details. The geometric accuracy of printed antennas is less than 1 mm, and the devices are prone to failure due to fatigue and wear from deformation. The antenn…