TS-073740 — Magnesium is the lightest structural metal and offers compelling weight‑reduction potential for transportation and other markets. However, broader adoption has been limited by the poor room‑temperature formability, modest strength, and narrow processing windows of conventional magnesium extrus…

TS-073732 — Advanced lithium-ion batteries increasingly adopt metallized polymer current collectors to improve safety by mitigating internal short circuits and thermal runaway. However, these collectors are inherently difficult to join to each other and to battery tabs using conventional manufacturing methods…

TS-073622 — Titanium alloys such as Ti‑6Al‑4V are highly valued in aerospace, defense, and advanced manufacturing, but they remain difficult and costly to join and build additively. Conventional fusion welding and powder‑based additive manufacturing can introduce defects, residual stresses, distortion, …

TS-073620 — Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a highly toxic and corrosive impurity in syngas, natural gas, biogas, and sulfur plant tail gas. Its removal is essential for safety, regulatory compliance, and downstream processing such as carbon capture and sulfur recovery. However, H₂S is typically present with la…

TS-073603 — Manufacturers increasingly need to join stacks of very thin metallic foils and mixed‑thickness layers for applications such as electrification, electronics, and advanced manufacturing. Existing solid‑state joining methods—most notably impact welding and ultrasonic welding—struggle with the…

TS-073602 — Lightweighting and sustainability goals in transportation and advanced manufacturing are driving interest in bio‑based structural materials. Densified wood (“superwood”) offers metal‑like strength with a renewable feedstock, but its adoption is limited by the lack of robust, manufacturable…

TS-073587 — Magnetic nanoparticles are widely used in applications such as magnetic hyperthermia, catalysis, sensing, and data storage, yet their performance is often limited by poor control over key magnetic properties. Existing materials typically rely on size or shape control alone, which provides limited …

TS-073586 — The transition to low-carbon energy and chemicals requires efficient separation of CO₂ from hydrogen-rich gas streams, particularly in high-pressure syngas environments such as coal or natural gas gasification. Existing separation technologies (e.g., solvent absorption or conventional membranes)…

TS-073289 — Understanding how cells respond to soluble signals under diffusion-limited conditions remains a significant gap in current in vitro models. Most microfluidic systems rely on convective flow, which does not accurately reflect transport in interstitial tissue or solid tumors, where diffusion dominat…

TS-073264 — Low‑oxygen, toxic environments created by fires or explosions in mines, tunnels, and enclosed spaces remain a leading cause of fatalities for trapped occupants and rescuers. Current self‑contained breathing and escape devices are constrained by limited oxygen supply, bulk, weight, heat generat…

TS-073254 — Industries operating safety‑critical and asset‑intensive systems struggle to leverage the full value of disparate maintenance data sources. Current maintenance management and optimization tools operate in silos, limiting real‑time decision‑making, automation, and scalability. No existing s…

TS-073219 — Global demand for low‑carbon hydrogen is rising, yet current methods carry efficiency penalties, complex gas clean‑up, and cost and footprint burdens. These drawbacks are amplified when upgrading dilute or variable‑quality feedstocks such as biogas and waste‑derived fuels. Industry needs a…

TS-073184 — Direct air capture (DAC) technologies are essential for meeting global carbon‑reduction goals, yet most current systems remain limited by high energy demand, high cost, and materials with insufficient stability. Traditional solid‑sorbent DAC approaches require significant thermal input for reg…

TS-073146 — As industrial systems become increasingly digital and interconnected, traditional risk assessment tools struggle to capture how cyber threats interact with physical processes in real time. Existing methods typically assess hardware failures or isolated cyber events, but they cannot model how attac…

TS-073138 — Designing online monitoring (OLM) for safety‑critical systems is constrained by scarce early‑stage operational data and by quantitative models that are slow to build, brittle across configurations, and costly to iterate. This creates expensive sensor networks with blind spots, poor diagnosabil…

TS-073070 — Manufacturers need a flexible way to improve the quality of local material regions without heavy, fixed tooling or shallow, low‑energy peening. Today’s options often deliver limited depth of improvement, struggle on complex shapes, and can overload robots or require rework. A practical solutio…

TS-073051 — Surgeons routinely hand‑bend standard titanium or stainless‑steel fixation plates to conform to patient anatomy, a manual process that is time‑consuming, inconsistent, and prone to gaps, reversed bends, and unfavorable residual stress. Each of these factors can compromise fixation and outcom…

TS-073031 — Operators of large, complex facilities struggle to balance revenue, maintenance, and regulatory safety constraints under uncertainty. Existing tools typically optimize only a subset of factors without a unified, real‑time view of component health and future degradation. Advanced reactors and oth…

TS-072984 — Complex systems are entering the market faster while safety verification grows harder, especially when detailed designs or operational data don’t yet exist. Traditional tools (FMEA, FTA, PRA) either require finalized designs, focus on forward propagation, or struggle with partial failures and fu…

TS-072941 — Current additive manufacturing (AM) methods for high-performance alloys, such as Inconel 718, face significant challenges: poor control over microstructure, high porosity, and limited resistance to harsh environments (e.g., high temperature, hydrogen attack). These issues lead to premature failure…

TS-072615 — The Need Efficient carbon dioxide (CO₂) utilization and separation remain critical challenges in energy, chemical, and environmental sectors. Existing processes for CO₂ conversion to carbon monoxide (CO) and for separating CO₂/CO mixtures are energy-intensive, costly, and often lack selectivit…

TS-072583 — The Need The ammonia industry is a major contributor to global CO₂ emissions, primarily due to its reliance on fossil fuels for hydrogen production and the energy-intensive air separation process for nitrogen. With over 500 million tons of CO₂ emitted annually from ammonia synthesis, there is a …

TS-072582 — The Need Current hydrogen production methods, such as steam methane reforming, are energy-intensive and emit significant CO₂, posing challenges for industries seeking low-carbon solutions. There is a critical need for scalable, efficient processes that enable continuous hydrogen generation while a…

TS-072580 — The Need Rising atmospheric CO₂ levels from fossil fuel combustion pose urgent climate and regulatory challenges. Existing carbon capture and sequestration technologies are often costly, energy-intensive, or limited in scalability. There is a critical need for economically viable solutions that no…

TS-072579 — The Need Industrial processes that utilize syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) often generate tail gas streams rich in CO₂ and other byproducts. Conventional carbon capture methods, such as acid gas removal units, are highly energy-intensive and reduce overall plant efficiency. There is a critic…

TS-072577 — The Need The transition to sustainable energy is hindered by the limitations of current hydrogen production methods, which rely heavily on fossil fuels and struggle with efficient, low-emission processing of solid fuels like biomass and coal. Existing chemical looping systems face challenges such as…

TS-072576 — The Need Drinking water utilities face mounting challenges in managing alum sludge, a byproduct of water treatment, as landfill options dwindle and disposal costs rise. Simultaneously, utilities must address increasingly stringent regulations for organic contaminants such as disinfection byproducts …

TS-072175 — The Need Modern industrial and energy systems are increasingly complex, making timely fault detection and discrimination critical for safety, reliability, and cost control. Existing fault diagnosis methods often struggle with transient states, require extensive historical data, or lack interpretabil…

TS-071961 — The Need Despite near-perfect external quantum efficiency in blue InGaN LEDs, devices emitting green, amber, and longer visible wavelengths remain inefficient. This is due to internal electric fields and charge separation in conventional quantum wells, which worsen with higher indium content and wid…

TS-071941 — The Need Current automotive seatbelt systems, especially standard 3-point belts, often fall short in protecting occupants during complex side impacts and in emerging autonomous vehicle seating configurations. Existing solutions like inflatable belts and safety vests can be uncomfortable and are not …