TS-072584 — The Need High-voltage DC (HVDC) transmission and grid-connected power conversion systems face significant cost, size, and efficiency challenges due to the large number of expensive submodules and capacitors required in conventional modular multilevel converters (MMC). These limitations restrict scal…

TS-072329 — The Need The rapid growth of artificial intelligence and neural networks is driving unprecedented demand for energy-efficient, scalable hardware. Conventional memristors require rare earths and complex fabrication, contributing to electronic waste and limiting accessibility. There is a critical need…

TS-072328 — The Need Current firefighting methods often rely on water, toxic foams, or pre-installed systems, which can strain resources, pose environmental hazards, and limit portability. There is a growing demand for safer, non-toxic, and portable fire suppression solutions that can be rapidly deployed in div…

TS-072321 — The Need Current virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) platforms lack integration of gustatory (taste) sensations, limiting user immersion and sensory engagement. Existing human-machine interfaces focus primarily on visual, auditory, and haptic feedback, neglecting the chemical dimension of taste. T…

TS-072320 — The Need Current biofuel cell sensors suffer from poor selectivity and accuracy due to fluctuations in ionic strength and pH at the sensing interface. These environmental changes can significantly interfere with sensor readings, limiting reliability in medical diagnostics, energy generation, and env…

TS-072319 — The Need Current methods for mapping electrical potential gradients in biological tissues, such as the brain, rely on high-density electrode arrays fabricated via costly microfabrication techniques. These rigid devices struggle to conform to complex tissue morphologies, limiting their effectiveness …

TS-072175 — The Need Modern industrial and energy systems are increasingly complex, making timely fault detection and discrimination critical for safety, reliability, and cost control. Existing fault diagnosis methods often struggle with transient states, require extensive historical data, or lack interpretabil…

TS-072052 — The Need Current wearable sensors for muscle health are limited in their ability to track real-time geometric changes in muscle size and shape, especially outside controlled laboratory environments. Existing solutions, such as force myography and ultrasound, either lack direct geometric insight or a…

TS-071961 — The Need Despite near-perfect external quantum efficiency in blue InGaN LEDs, devices emitting green, amber, and longer visible wavelengths remain inefficient. This is due to internal electric fields and charge separation in conventional quantum wells, which worsen with higher indium content and wid…

TS-071847 — The Need Current fast neutron detection technologies suffer from inherently low sensitivity due to the limited interaction cross-section between neutrons and atomic nuclei. This restricts their effectiveness in critical applications such as nuclear security, radiation dosimetry, and advanced imaging…

TS-071747 — The Need High-accuracy 3D depth perception is critical for autonomous systems, but current stereo camera methods falter in complex outdoor environments. While LiDAR can improve accuracy, its effectiveness plummets when using sparse data from affordable, lower-beam sensors, making high performance …

TS-071744 — The Need Current inkjet printing technologies are limited by the need for inks with specific viscosity and ejection properties, which restricts the range of printable materials and compromises print resolution due to droplet splashing. There is a significant need for a printing method that enables…

TS-071606 — The Need There is a critical need for compact, long-lasting, and maintenance-free power sources for applications where conventional energy harvesting is impractical or impossible. These include deep space missions, implantable medical devices, and remote or harsh environments where solar or thermoel…

TS-071414 — The Need Current neurochemical monitoring technologies are limited by bulky form factors, complex fabrication, and invasiveness, which restrict their clinical and research utility. Existing sensors often cause tissue damage, lack real-time resolution, and are costly to manufacture, impeding widespre…

TS-071089 — The Need Industrial high-energy lasers, commonly used in welding, metal additive manufacturing, and cutting, require precise beam profiling to optimize performance and ensure quality. However, current commercial beam profiling systems are prohibitively expensive or incompatible with high-power laser…

TS-070970 — The Need Many vibration-based energy harvesting systems are limited by narrow operational frequency bands, making them inefficient for environments where excitation frequencies drift—such as in bridges, machinery, or vehicles. Current solutions often sacrifice energy density to broaden bandwid…

TS-070531 — The Need Efficient heat switches are crucial for various applications, including solid-state refrigeration, solar thermal installations, waste heat scavenging, and electronics cooling. Current technologies often suffer from irreversible thermodynamic losses or inefficiencies, limiting their effectiv…

TS-070520 — The Need Accurate, real-time mapping of shear forces in fluid environments remains a challenge, particularly in applications requiring passive, non-invasive, and long-term monitoring. Existing technologies often rely on active sensors that require power, are difficult to integrate into sensitive sys…

TS-070304 — The Need Current clinical methods for assessing tremor severity in patients with Parkinson’s disease and other movement disorders rely heavily on subjective, qualitative observations, such as evaluating hand-drawn spirals or observing motor tasks. These approaches lack precision, are difficult…

TS-070302 — The Need Current quantum computing technologies face significant challenges in scalability, error correction, and computational efficiency. There is a critical need for a robust, scalable quantum processor that can perform complex computations with high fidelity and low error rates, enabling advance…

TS-069780 — The Need Efficient thermal management is crucial in various industries, yet current solutions often fall short in terms of performance and adaptability. There is a significant need for a technology that can effectively control heat flow in bulk materials, enhancing the efficiency of systems ranging…

TS-069658 — The Need In both laboratory and industrial settings, obtaining accurate measurements from rotating equipment is challenging due to the limitations and high costs associated with electrical slip rings and wireless telemetry. Industries such as power transmission, gearing, turbines, and shafts requir…

TS-068476 — The Need Modern wireless networks, including 5G and future 6G systems, rely heavily on accurate channel prediction to ensure efficient and reliable communication. Frequency Domain Duplexing (FDD) systems face challenges in accurately predicting downlink channels from uplink channels, particularly in…

TS-068475 — The Need As mmWave technology becomes the backbone of 5G and other advanced communication systems, the demand for fast, reliable, and scalable beamforming solutions has surged. Traditional beam-training methods are computationally intensive and time-consuming, leading to delays in establishing high-…

TS-068474 — The Need As Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) systems become increasingly prevalent, there is a growing demand for innovative signal conversion techniques that enhance communication capabilities while addressing security vulnerabilities. Conventional methods of optical-to-RF signal conversion rel…

TS-068473 — The Need β-Ga2O3 has spurred substantial interest in semiconductors and transistors in high-power/high-frequency electronics and ultraviolet optoelectronics. However, there exists a critical challenge of growing high-quality, thick layers of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) on Ga2O3 substrates. Existing …

TS-068472 — The Need The increasing adoption of mmWave technologies in 5G, IoT, and other advanced communication networks highlights a critical need for cost-effective, efficient, and scalable antenna calibration solutions. Traditional calibration methods rely on expensive laboratory setups and specialized equi…

TS-067810 — Work environments and other brain-intensive activities impose high demands on the cognitive and cerebral resources required to process vast amounts of information. This high demand can expose individuals to cognitive overload, which can be dangerous for their health and lead to errors and accidents.…

TS-067551 — Gallium Oxide (Ga2O3) is an inorganic compound with semi-conductivity properties (e.g., a large bandgap) that can be used for developing power electronics, UV photodetectors, solar cells, and sensors. βeta-Ga2O3, a polymorph, has a distinct advantage over other semiconductors that have high cri…

TS-067045 — The Need Wireless implants with integrated antennas are highly desirable for diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring applications due to their ability to communicate directly with external devices. However, the need for major surgical incisions to implant these devices poses significant risks, incl…

TS-066963 — The Need Exposure to mold in homes costs billions of dollars every year. Exposure is particularly harmful to the 8% of the United States population that suffers from asthma; a leading cause of disability in children. Currently, odor, visible mold growth, and dampness are the best indicators of mold…

TS-066957 — The Need Colorimetric tests and remote image analysis are used in a wide range of industrial and medical applications. Digital image-based measurements made with smartphones are a promising platform to quantify colors at low cost, but suffer from inconsistency and errors caused by lens quality, sen…

TS-065426 — Photodetectors are devices that detect light and convert it into an electrical signal. They operate based on the photoelectric effect, in which photons (light particles) strike the semiconductor material, creating electron-hole pairs that lead to the flow of electrical current that can be measured.

TS-065398 — Emissive display technologies (e.g., OLEDs) are display technologies that emit light directly to produce images. Unlike reflective displays, which rely on external light sources, emissive displays generate light, resulting in vibrant and high-contrast visuals. These next-generation displays are used in several applications, including mobile devices, AV/VR headsets, and wearable devices.

TS-065135 — The use of wearable health devices has more than tripled in recent years due to the ability of these products to collect health data to detect potential health events (e.g., heart attacks), manage chronic diseases, and track physical activity. Wearable technologies have been shown to decrease the nu…

TS-064825 — The Need Human touch is vital to health and well-being, supporting stress reduction, emotional regulation, and healing from infancy through old age. In therapy and rehabilitation, it plays a critical role, yet is rarely measured. Sensors that detect human contact can both encourage touch and captur…

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TS-063961 — The Need In the realm of power device technologies, addressing the growing demand for efficient, high-performance semiconductors is paramount. The current gap in the availability of a p-type β-Ga2O3 semiconductor poses a significant challenge, hindering the progress of device fabrication metho…

TS-063784 — The Need In the realm of power electronics, the industry is seeking advanced semiconductor materials that can address the ever-growing demand for high power density and high-frequency applications. Beta phase gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) with an ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) of approximately 4.8 eV emer…

TS-063717 — The Need In the world of semiconductor material systems, the demand for advancements in optoelectronic and power electronic devices is ever-growing. The fabrication of semiconductor films, crucial for these applications, primarily relies on epitaxy technologies such as hydride vapor phase epitaxy (…