TS-073942 — Conventional electrochromic devices rely on ion intercalation, electrolyte layers, and complex multilayer stacks, which increase cost, limit durability, slow switching, and raise environmental and safety concerns (particularly due to lithium-containing components). These constraints hinder broader…

TS-073930 — Many industrial gas–solid reactions, such as ironmaking, chemical looping, and other redox-based processes, are fundamentally constrained by thermodynamic equilibrium in conventional reactor designs. Single-inlet/single-outlet reactors force tradeoffs between gas conversion and solid conversion,…

TS-073880 — Industrial CO₂ electroreduction remains limited by high energy input, poor selectivity, and low formation rates of valuable multi‑carbon products. Conventional copper catalysts often favor hydrogen evolution or low‑value C₁ products such as methane, while catalysts that improve selectivity…

TS-073844 — Current communication systems often struggle with efficiency and reliability, especially in noisy environments and varying relay positions. Traditional methods focus on exact message reconstruction, which can be resource-intensive and less effective for real-time applications. There is a growing n…

TS-073842 — In the era of 6G and beyond, efficient and robust communication of multimodal messages (text and images) is critical, especially in resource-constrained environments. Current methods struggle with noise robustness and codeword length, leading to inefficiencies and increased error rates. There is a…

TS-073841 — Current federated learning (FL) systems face significant challenges in efficiently aggregating model updates over wireless networks, especially in environments with diverse data and varying channel conditions. There is a critical need for a solution that enhances bandwidth efficiency, personalizat…

TS-073818 — Autonomous and advanced driver-assistance systems require extensive testing across rare, hazardous, and edge-case scenarios to ensure safety and regulatory readiness. Existing approaches (pure simulation, hardware-in-the-loop, proving grounds, or public-road testing) each suffer from tradeoffs in …

TS-073810 — Next-generation power electronics demand materials that can support ultra-high breakdown voltages, low leakage currents, and scalable manufacturing. While β-Ga₂O₃ is highly attractive for these applications, device performance has been limited by the lack of high-quality, thick drift layers w…

TS-073809 — High-sensitivity detection in the mid-wave and long-wave infrared (MWIR/LWIR) remains constrained by detector noise, limited gain, and manufacturing challenges. While HgCdTe avalanche photodiodes can deliver excellent performance, they suffer from high cost, low yield, and limited manufacturabilit…

TS-073768 — Electrified and hybrid vehicle powertrains are increasingly complex, integrating mechanical, electrical, thermal, and emissions subsystems with both continuous and discrete decision variables. Existing energy management and co‑optimization approaches typically rely on simplified models, sequenti…

TS-073740 — Magnesium is the lightest structural metal and offers compelling weight‑reduction potential for transportation and other markets. However, broader adoption has been limited by the poor room‑temperature formability, modest strength, and narrow processing windows of conventional magnesium extrus…

TS-073732 — Advanced lithium-ion batteries increasingly adopt metallized polymer current collectors to improve safety by mitigating internal short circuits and thermal runaway. However, these collectors are inherently difficult to join to each other and to battery tabs using conventional manufacturing methods…

TS-073712 — Advanced quantum technologies, cryogenic sensors, and space instrumentation increasingly require reliable, compact cooling below 1 K. Today’s sub-Kelvin refrigeration relies heavily on dilution refrigerators and gas-gap thermal switches that are complex, slow, mechanically fragile, and dependent…

TS-073692 — Fleet operators face increasing pressure to reduce operating costs and emissions while maintaining performance and reliability. Choosing the “right” truck (diesel, alternative fuel, or battery electric) for a specific duty cycle remains largely heuristic, conservative, and error‑prone. As a …

TS-073646 — Industrial chemical and physical processes consume large quantities of thermal energy and steam, yet most facilities still rely on external power generation or low‑efficiency Rankine‑cycle systems to meet their electricity demand. This leads to significant energy losses, high operating costs, …

TS-073622 — Titanium alloys such as Ti‑6Al‑4V are highly valued in aerospace, defense, and advanced manufacturing, but they remain difficult and costly to join and build additively. Conventional fusion welding and powder‑based additive manufacturing can introduce defects, residual stresses, distortion, …

TS-073620 — Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is a highly toxic and corrosive impurity in syngas, natural gas, biogas, and sulfur plant tail gas. Its removal is essential for safety, regulatory compliance, and downstream processing such as carbon capture and sulfur recovery. However, H₂S is typically present with la…

TS-073603 — Manufacturers increasingly need to join stacks of very thin metallic foils and mixed‑thickness layers for applications such as electrification, electronics, and advanced manufacturing. Existing solid‑state joining methods—most notably impact welding and ultrasonic welding—struggle with the…

TS-073602 — Lightweighting and sustainability goals in transportation and advanced manufacturing are driving interest in bio‑based structural materials. Densified wood (“superwood”) offers metal‑like strength with a renewable feedstock, but its adoption is limited by the lack of robust, manufacturable…

TS-073587 — Magnetic nanoparticles are widely used in applications such as magnetic hyperthermia, catalysis, sensing, and data storage, yet their performance is often limited by poor control over key magnetic properties. Existing materials typically rely on size or shape control alone, which provides limited …

TS-073586 — The transition to low-carbon energy and chemicals requires efficient separation of CO₂ from hydrogen-rich gas streams, particularly in high-pressure syngas environments such as coal or natural gas gasification. Existing separation technologies (e.g., solvent absorption or conventional membranes)…

TS-073557 — Advanced polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) and nanocomposites promise exceptional thermal, electrical, and mechanical performance, but commercial adoption is limited by poor nanoparticle dispersion and process complexity. Conventional nanoparticle syntheses rely on small-molecule ligands that are in…

TS-073553 — Positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) systems increasingly seek alternatives or complements to GNSS due to vulnerability to interference, jamming, and limited performance in challenged environments. While low Earth orbit (LEO) communication satellites offer strong signals and favorable geometr…

TS-073403 — The rapid growth of electric vehicles and energy storage systems is driving an unprecedented volume of end‑of‑life lithium‑ion batteries, creating both environmental and supply‑chain challenges. Conventional recycling routes focus on metal recovery through energy‑intensive processes and …

TS-073373 — Next‑generation power electronic systems require devices that deliver high breakdown voltage, large current handling, and fast switching while maintaining manufacturability at scale. Vertical FinFETs offer compelling performance advantages over incumbent bipolar and planar technologies, but thei…

TS-073358 — Reliable positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) in GNSS‑denied or disrupted environments remains a critical challenge for defense, transportation, and autonomous systems. While low Earth orbit (LEO) communications satellites offer powerful signals and rapid geometry changes, they are typicall…

TS-073339 — Positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) resilience is increasingly critical as GNSS vulnerabilities become more apparent in contested, denied, or degraded environments. Low Earth orbit (LEO) communication satellites offer a promising alternative PNT source, but their utility is limited by poorly…

TS-073289 — Understanding how cells respond to soluble signals under diffusion-limited conditions remains a significant gap in current in vitro models. Most microfluidic systems rely on convective flow, which does not accurately reflect transport in interstitial tissue or solid tumors, where diffusion dominat…

TS-073264 — Low‑oxygen, toxic environments created by fires or explosions in mines, tunnels, and enclosed spaces remain a leading cause of fatalities for trapped occupants and rescuers. Current self‑contained breathing and escape devices are constrained by limited oxygen supply, bulk, weight, heat generat…

TS-073254 — Industries operating safety‑critical and asset‑intensive systems struggle to leverage the full value of disparate maintenance data sources. Current maintenance management and optimization tools operate in silos, limiting real‑time decision‑making, automation, and scalability. No existing s…